J Anesth Perioper Med. 2017;4(6):274-281. https://doi.org/10.24015/ebcmed.japm.2017.0081

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROM) as A Preoperative Assessment Tool

Sunghye Kim1,2, Pamela W. Duncan2,3, Leanne Groban2,4, Hannah Segal5, Rica Moonyeen Abbott3, and Jeff D. Williamson1,2

From the 1Department of Internal Medicine, 2Sticht Center on Aging, 3Department of Neurology, 4Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; 5Fisher Center for Hereditary Cancer AND Clinical Genomics Research, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., USA.

Correspondence to Dr. Pamela W. Duncan at pduncan@wakehealth.edu

EBCMED ID: ebcmed.japm.2017.0081 DOI: 10.24015/ebcmed.japm.2017.0081


Abstract

Aim of review
Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) on functional, social, and behavioral factors might be important preoperative predictors of postoperative outcomes. We conducted a literature review to explore associations of preoperative depression, socioeconomic status, social support, functional status/frailty, cognitive status, self-management skills, health literacy, and nutritional status with surgical outcomes.

Methods
Two electronic data bases, including PubMed and Google Scholar, were searched linking either depression, socioeconomic status, social support, functional status/frailty, cognitive status, self-management skills, health literacy, or nutritional status with surgery, postoperative complications, or perioperative period within the past 2 decades.

Recent findings
Preoperative depression has been linked to postoperative delirium, complications, persistent pain, longer lengths of stay, and mortality. Socioeconomic status associates with overall and cancer-free survival. Low socioeconomic status has also been connected to medication non-compliance. Social support can predict overall and cancer-free survival, as well as physical, social and emotional quality of life. Poor functional status and frailty have been related to postoperative complications, longer lengths of stay, postdischarge institutionalization, and higher costs. Preoperative cognitive impairment also associates with self-medication management errors, postoperative cognitive impairment, delirium, complications and mortality. In addition, a greater tendency for reduced adherence to preoperative medication instructions has been linked to health illiteracy. Preoperative malnutrition is prevalent and associates with postoperative morbidity.

Conclusion
Efficient and effective assessments of social and behavioral determinants of health, functional status, health literacy, patient’s perception of health, and preferences for self-management may improve postoperative management and surgical outcomes, particularly among vulnerable patients undergoing elective surgery who might have subtle physical, social, or psychological deficits or challenges, otherwise missed upon routine evaluation. Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) can be used to effectively and efficiently collect these factors in the preoperative period, thereby identifying areas that can be intervened preemptively. (Partially Funded by the National Institute on Aging and the Wake Forest University Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center.)

Article Type
Review Article

Declaration of Interests
The authors have no other potential conflicts of interest for this work.

Acknowledgements
This study was partially supported by grants from the National Institute on Aging (No.1R03AG050919–01) and the Wake Forest University Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center (No. P30-AG21332).

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